This is the most detailed chapter of prophecy in the Bible. It describes the ascent of Alexander the Great and the four subsequent kingdoms that emerge from his empire. Beginning in verse 21, Daniel describes Antiochus Epiphanes IV, who is a type of the end-time Antichrist. There are many parallels between Antiochus Epiphanes and his attack on Israel, and the Antichrist. Daniel 11:36-45 describes the Antichrist in a very precise and direct way without comparing him to Antiochus Epiphanes.
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The prophecy starts in the second Kingdom, the Median/Persian empire, in antiquity. Up to verse 36, most agree that it describes Antiochus Epiphanes. At verse 40, however, it begins to describe the battle of Actium with Marc Antony, Octavian, and Cleopatra, and the beginning of the fourth Kingdom.
Thus, while vv36-39 may be conjecture (some have proposed Herod the Great, as it was this king that was willful and had such direct effect on the temple, so that it was often referred to as “Herod’s temple”), the scope of the prophecy is clearly from the end of the 2nd empire to the establishment of Rome, the fourth.